Country Assessment - PORTUGAL and ARGENTINA Research Paper

Country Assessment - PORTUGAL and ARGENTINA - Research Paper Example FDI in Portugal has been on the increase since 1990s due to increased involvement of Portuguese firms in international market. The average FDI figure for the past decade ranges from â‚ ¬21 million and â‚ ¬32 million and in 2008, the gross FDI was â‚ ¬31.9 million. Low wages in Portugal is one of the key factors which attract FDI in Portugal. Currently, foreign enterprise forms an important source of exports and employment in the country. Argentina does not have a record of good FDI levels and the figure have also been decreasing from USD 24 billion in 1999 to a virtual dry up. In 2009, this figure was $ 4.9 billion (IMF, 2010). Portugal has been experiencing a steady growth in its PPP since 1980. Since 2004, this figure has been over $20,000. According to IMF (2010), Portugal had a PPP of 23,113.858 in 2010. On the other hand, the growth of PPP in Argentina has not been steady though there is a general increase. For example there was a decline between 1998 and 2002 followed by a sharp steady increase till 2008. In 2010, its figure stood at $15,603.132. Portugal has not had a steady growth in its GDP. For example there was a -1.3% in 2004 followed by an average of 1.15 over the next four year and -2.60% in 2010. This figure is estimated to be 1.0% in 2011. Apart from a -14.70% recorded in 2003, Argentina’s GDP has been experiencing a good positive growth with an average of over 8.0%. However, this figure dropped to 6.80% in 2009 and 0.90% in 2010. The figure for 2011 is projected to be 7.5% (IMF, 2010). International Trading and Issues Most of Argentina’s exports are processed agricultural products, making up 54% of the total exports. Other exports sectors are industrial manufacturers, fuels and energy. Its major trade partner is Merscor. Others are US and Asian nations. Argentina adheres to most trade treaties and international agreements relating to intellectual property. However, in 1997, its pharmaceutical patent law was unsatisfactory causing the US to suspend 50% of its GSP benefits. The principal exports for Portugal are wood and paper products, fabrics, clothing and textile. Principle imports include machinery and transportation equipment and minerals. Its trade policy is similar to that of other EU members (Alguacil et al, 2008). Business regulations Importation of certain merchandise are restricted or totally prohibited in Portugal to protect its economy and security while some are subject to restrain under import quota. Exporters are required to ensure they get correct information indicating that a Portuguese importer has availed the correct information to allow submission of necessary information concerning goods labeling, packaging among others. It should also indicate proper arrangements for entry of goods into Portugal (US Department of Commerce, 2010). Argentina also restricts importation of certain goods for sanitary or safety reasons though restrictions also apply to used vehicles and their parts. S ocio-economical factors affecting international companies. Argentina has been experiencing social problems like wide-spread poverty, unequal income distribution and worsening public safety which has damaged the investment environment. It has made foreign investors to be hesitant in investing in Argentina. A notable percentage of Portuguese people also operate in a low socio-economic status. However, international companies are attracted to Portugal due to its low wage rates and relatively low levels of

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Research Paper - 7

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - Research Paper Example Evaluations used for quantitative risk assessment of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have not kept pace with the modern analytical methods hence ability of detection is not assured. Therefore, despite the fact that it’s possible to measure these compounds in seafood, there is no sufficient information on the level of toxicity of these compounds known, thus cannot be incorporated in human health risk assessment since there is uncertainty. On the other hand, larger variety of chemically replaced PAHs are naturally happening and may include health risks if human populaces are open to hazardous levels. Therefore as a result of this, future research efforts should aim at filling this toxicological gap, so that in this way, human health risk assessment of PAHs in food can be appropriately determined. This is necessary in the case of petroleum spills. (Simon, 2003) Benzo[a]pyrene(BaP) has been tested in a range of species, among the animals being rats, rabbits, guinea pigs and rhesus monkey. The effect on the animals from this laboratory testing was that, tumours have been observed in all the laboratory experiments carried out on the small animals. Thus the effect of BaP has been seen as carcinogenic, when administered by a variety of routes, including diet, inhalation and intravenous. The carcinogenicity of individual PAH and PAH- containing combinations in experimental animals has been done. This has been carried out with individual PAH in humans but with no virtual data existing. These have indicated increased incidences of cancer to human population exposed. This finding carried out indicating that a number of individual PAH are carcinogenic to experimental animals show potential carcinogenic to humans. (Overton, 2003) Toxicological effect is another outcome which is as a resulted after the experiment on the animals. Severe haematological effects have been detected in animals after oral exposure to high doses of PAHs. In vitro experiments have

The Future of the Great Italian Food Company Essay Example for Free

The Future of the Great Italian Food Company Essay Problem Statement Six members of the of the Great Italian Food Company’s Board of Directors have ideas for the future growth of the company. Each of the members proposed idea has its merits, but their ideas are mutually exclusive and only one strategy can be chosen. This could be a potential issue and delay the company’s future growth if the board members cannot come to an agreement. Without a unified strategy, corporate or business, to guide the company over the next decade the Great Italian Food Company will make costly mistakes and jeopardize the company’s current position and future growth. Hard decisions must be made and appropriate planning will have to be conducted. Analysis and Evaluation Joe Marconi, the founder and current Board Chairman of the Great Italian Food Company, established the first Papa Joe’s restaurant in 1960. Since that time the company has expanded to include three additional Papa Joe’s restaurants in the Greater St. Louis area and established a Board of Directors. The members of the board include Joe’s wife along with their four children; Little Joe, Johnny, Tony, and Maria. Additionally, three of Joe’s longtime personal friends are also members of the board of directors. The restaurants themselves are family establishments with a unique Italian atmosphere and a basic Italian menu. Over the years the company has been fairly successful under the management of Joe’s oldest son, Little Joe, with the expansion to three additional Papa Joe’s restaurants. However Joe’s children now believe that the current business model will not remain profitable enough to maintain their current lifestyles, which they have grown accustomed to and want to grow the company even further. Each of Joe’s children and Jimmy (one of the other board members), including Joe himself, have ideas about the future growth of the company. However, they all seem to want to move in a different direction. Joe wants to open an upscale restaurant and partner with a well-known personality allowing the  restaurant to charge more for its meals. Little Joe wants to maintain the current model and continue to expand in the Greater St. Louis area. Tony wants to break into the frozen food industry. Johnny wants to broaden the company and open additional ethnic type restaurants. Maria believes that the best direction is to continue expanding the business throughout the mid-west focusing on major cities. And Jimmy likes the McDonald’s business model and wants to develop a Papa Joe’s fast food franchise chain across the country. The company has a limited access to capital and can only afford to pursue one strategy. So which is the best future for the Great Italian Food Company? Up to this point the Great Italian Food Company seemed to be fairly successful; they have expanded the company by opening three more restauran ts in the Greater St. Louis area and have established an organizational structure that provides management positions for each of the family members. With all growing businesses, the way ahead is always the question. The motivating factor for any businesses that desires continued growth and that wants capitalize on their current success is to continue to increase profits. Recourses, competition, and management are just some of the factors that must be taken into consideration when a business wants to increase growth and of course there is always risk, how much is a business willing to take. The main issue the Great Italian Food Company is facing is that they have not established a strategic plan that supports their mission, vision, or goals (Bateman Snell, 2013, p. 139). There are six members of the board with six completely different ideas who want to move the company in six different directions. However, none of the required strategic planning has been done to evaluate which of the ideas, if any, is the best for the company’s current situation and future growth (Bateman Snell, 2013, p. 138). Each of their ideas has great potential and point toward numerous possibilities, providing an e xcellent starting point in the development of a strategic plan, but their disagreements could also erupt into conflict among the board members. As the Chairman of the Board, Joe will need to temporarily forget that he is a father, husband, and friend to other board members, and take a purely clinical approach to the issue. When developing the company’s strategic plan, Joe may be forced to make decisions for the betterment of the company. He does have options; he could make the decision alone or engage in a group decision process (Bateman Snell, 2013,  p. 102). Managing a group decision can be a difficult process; however, in this case a group or team process could be the most productive. Each of the board members has specific skills, knowledge, and attributes that could be leveraged to make the best decision. Many companies, both small and large, have failed due to poor strategic planning; as a result they have either failed to keep up with technology and/or their competitors, mismanaged their resources, or relied on poor planning and costly decisions. Without a well thought out strategic plan to guide a company ov er the next five, ten, or even twenty years, growth is not a possibility for its future. Recommendation The board members of the Great Italian Food Company need a corporate or business strategy, depending on which direction the company wants to compete in the market (Bateman Snell, 2013, p. 147). If they want to challenge the larger competitors in the food industry or expand into the frozen food sector they can build a corporate strategy. If they decide to stay with their current model and continue to build more Papa Joe’s restaurants then a business strategy maybe more appropriate. Whatever level and type of strategic planning the Great Italian Food Company focuses on it should be flexible enough to adapt to a changing business environment. The strategy should not be so deliberate that it they are unable to make adjustments to their strategic plan (Mintzberg, Waters, 1985). As with any method of planning or decision making considerations must be taken into account; quantity over quality, current and future recourses, control over the company, competitors, and customer base (B ateman Snell, 2013, p. 14). Without having conducted a complete analysis of the company, it is hard to say which strategy they should choose however, The Great Italian Food Company has been successful in its current model as a family establishment with a unique Italian atmosphere. With limited capital, resources and investors, breaking into a new industry or making radical changes could be extremely risky. However, failure to change or grow while their competitors adapt to the industry could leave the Great Italian Food Company wayside along with Blockbuster and Borders. The Great Italian Food Company is still a considerably small company, continued investment into the further expansion of the Papa Joe’s restaurants throughout the mid-west, building  additional capital and investors, and testing the market with new products could strategic plan that continues growth while limiting risk. References Bateman, T.S., Snell, S.A. (2013). Management: Leading and collaborating in a competitive world. (11th ed.). New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Mintzberg, H., Waters, J. A. (1985). Of Strategies, Deliberate and Emergent. Strategic Management Journal, 6(3), 257-272.

The Fenian Movement :: Essays Papers

The Fenian Movement In 1884 a movement started that changed Ireland forever. The Fenian Movement evolved because of the horrible deeds of King Henry VIII and his durable militia. Britain was trying to govern Ireland, and the people of Ireland fought for the freedom of there country. They didn’t have much money or much military action, on the other hand Britain did. This wasn’t the only reason the Fenian movement occurred though the great potato famine 1845 forced people from there homeland. The Fenian movement was when the people of Ireland were forced from there homeland because of the lack of natural resources and military action by the British. Another aspect to the Fenian movement was that Irish citizens didn’t have much money because they are not industrialized and they have an agricultural economy, which led up to the potato famine. Irish farmers didn’t have enough money to produce potatoes efficiently; this is when the blight occurred. Another branch that led from living in poverty was lack of military supplies. This was a huge problem because they couldn’t protect there country or even there freedom. Due to lack of funds many people migrated over seas to America where they could make money and live a successful life. In Ireland potatoes were the most popular product. â€Å"The potato grew well in Irish soil, producing the high yields that small-pot tenant farmers needed to feed their families and pay their rent†(Michael 1). During the potato famine the farmlands in Ireland were rotting away due to the blight. â€Å"Beginning with 1847, the potato blight left famine and death on every hand; emigration was excessive, and disaffection widespread, yet the British government did little to relieve the deplorable conditions. Goaded by almost unbearable economic distress, the young Irelanders decided to act†(Walker, 2) This led to poverty, migration and even death( how many people). People in Ireland were forced out of there homes to other countries because of the horrible natural resources. Many people starved, and these unfortunate citizens migrated to the United States, Canada, South America, and Australia. Ship-owners packed hundreds of boats to flee from Ireland to English speaki ng countries. Many of the Irish people didn’t even make it to these countries because of the horrible disease typhoid. Another one of the major causes of this horrific problem in Ireland was that British military decided they wanted to take over the Irish government and control the land.

Essay – Bridging Brands and Borders: Trends and Tactics to Connect Global Brands with Asian Consumers

Bridging brands and borders: Trends and tactics to connect global brands with Asian consumers This article briefly states the idea of brand internationalization. Whether brands should localize themselves based on the tastes of the market or they should keep their identity intact. The author, Craig Briggs states that certain risk is involved when a global company tries and changes too much as per the local tastes.The articles also stresses on instances from the past on Global companies like Starbucks having a successful stint with the globalization, by modifying certain aspects of the product offered to match the consumer demands, but keeping the ethos of the company intact. Then the article moves in to focus on the aspects of customization and how they appear in four key areas, Functional Customization, Delivery Customization, Format Customization, and Perpetual Customization Facts the author uses for supporting the theory of customization: . Functional Customization: Frito lay chang ed the flavor of the chips to better cater to the taste preferences of the Chinese customer. Developing newer tastes the company has been successful brand, keeping the DNA of the brand intact. b. Delivery Customization: The author appropriately uses the facts about McDonalds and IKEA while stating the area of delivery customization. McDonalds has implemented home delivery options in India and China to make the consumer confortable in using the product from the home.IKEA ran the stores in Japan concentrating on the way Japanese homes are and also started a conveyance service between the major metro stations. This gave the consumer the opportunity to connect to the store more. c. Format Customization: The author appropriately supports the theory with instances about Coca Cola producing the smaller bottles to compete with the local competitor. d. Perpetual Customization: Godiva creating a luxury brand in China is a way in which the author provides information how customization is done in this area. This article provides strategies and tactics of brand adaptation for a global company.As mentioned in the book, branding is key to the success of the company. From the book, we could see how companies customize their products such as McDonalds customizing the burgers for the Indian market. Brand adaptation is crucial for a company otherwise the globalization process can slow down. This article strengthens the concept in the book about how decisions on globalization of the products can affect the brand image of the organization. The investments a company makes in customization of the company will increase the brand equity of the company.I could relate this article to the chapter in the book Branding and Product Decisions on Global Marketing as I see customization as a strategy to brand creation for a company going global. The author gives examples of the brand customization based on just four areas in countries like China and Japan. The author never mentions anything ab out whether these areas of customization can be applicable to Asia markets as a whole. I would have liked to know through the article about instances where these customizations have worked in the Middle East and the southeastern parts of Asia.Other than this I find the article provides a clear picture about the customization process and how it had worked in Asian Markets. The new concepts I learnt from the article is customization areas when the company is planning on creating a global brand or starting an operation in a new location, it has to look into the areas of customizations to match the demands of the location. The explanation of key areas of customization is the article is precise. My interpretation of the key areas of the customization is: Functional Customization: When a company changes the product to cater to the consumer’s tastes and preferences.E. g. can be McDonalds changed to include veggie burgers to match the taste of Indian consumers. Functional Customizati on allows the company to tweak the product, keeping the basis of the product intact. This goes well with the company’s modus operandi. Delivery Customization: Markets in Asia are used to home delivery concept. Global company’s implementing changes in their business model to implement delivery mechanism to satisfy the consumer needs is a exact example of delivery customization.Delivery customization is all about creating convenience through its key value proposition. Format Customization: This is an area of customization where the company creates a smaller version of the product to compete with the local competition. Companies, which enter a local market sometimes, are faced with local competitors who have a strong foothold in the market. To tackle this competition companies like Coca Cola came up with the smaller bottle that costs less and still keeps the brand of the company intact.Perpetual Customization: Perpetual Customization is when a company creates a sub brand for the luxury brand to cater to the niche consumer segment. This is an interesting article on the various aspects of customization and really puts into perspective the areas, which a company can look into while entering a market in ASIA. References: http://web. ebscohost. com/mobsmart/citations/citation? vid=4&hid=14&sid=bac33097-2f2f-40f7-b099-9c30003d24c0%40sessionmgr14&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPSZzaXRlPW1vYnNtYXJ0LWxpdmU%3d#db=bth&AN=82945873

The Self Impact Self Esteem And Self Image - 1148 Words

Self is described as a person s essential being that distinguishes them from others, especially considered as the object of introspection or reflexive action. From a psychological viewpoint, the concept of the self impacts self-esteem and self-image. But happens to that definition when we look at it from a religious aspect? In Buddhism and Hinduism, although there are many similarities, there are also key differences in the fundamentals of their teachings and texts, such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Vimalakirti, regarding the concept of the self in the cosmological, social, and theological aspects of each religion. The self in Hinduism is referred to as atman. In the Bhagavad-Gita it says, â€Å"Weapons do not cut it, fire does not burn it,†¦show more content†¦Unlike Hinduism, Buddhism does not believe in the notion of the self, referred to as anatman. Buddhist believe that anatman, impermanence, and suffering are the three characteristics of all existence. In the teachings of Buddha, it states that everything is impermanent. â€Å"All conditioned things are impermanent, all conditioned things are suffering,† (The Dhammapada, v.277-279). Reality is in a constant state of change and once we learn to become detached from this reality, we no longer experience suffering. Everything is tied to the idea that there is a voidness in which there in nothing to compare to one another, yet everything is tied together through this concept of baselessness. â€Å"Unreal construction is the root of desire. What is the root of unreal construction? The false concept is the root of unreal const ruction. What is the root of the false concept? Baselessness. What is the root of baselessness? Manjusri, when something is baseless, how can it have any root? Therefore, all things stand on the root which is baseless.† (Vil. p.58) In this quote it is explained that everything in our reality is tied the concept of baselessness and through that lies the root of all desire which is the reason for all suffering and pain. The term Buddha has a literal meaning of enlightened one. By practicing these ideologies, Buddhist follow the â€Å"Middle Way† to reach enlightenment. â€Å"The Buddhas are neither past, nor present, nor future. Their enlightenmentShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Self-Esteem, Significant Others and Media on Ones Self- Image1213 Words   |  5 Pagescome to your conclusion? How you answer this question determines your self-image. Self- image isn’t something a person is born with. Self- image are numbers of self impressions that are built up over a p eriod of time. These impressions are influenced by a group of elements. I believe three of the most influential elements are self- esteem, significant others and the media. Who am I? A question asked countless times by one’s self. This question is so simple to respond to but yet hard to comprehendRead MoreHow Does Self Discrepancy Of Media Influenced Body Image Affect Adolescents Self Esteem?1235 Words   |  5 PagesSection A: Project Details Title: How does self-discrepancy of media-influenced body image affect adolescents’ self-esteem? Abstract: Research has shown that exposure to thin-ideal media is related to body dissatisfaction. Consequently, the accumulated dissatisfying emotions regarding one’s body can evolve into distorted body perception. Such disturbed body image has been evident as associated with low self-esteem. Nonetheless, little research has sought to elucidate the rationales for these perplexedRead MoreAdolescent Self Esteem Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesthat self-esteem measures between testing were not significant, but several related concepts proved to be. 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Self-esteem is known asRead MoreMedia s Effect On Self Esteem1731 Words   |  7 Pagesvisual stream of models and celebrities with perfect faces and bodies cannot be very good for one’s self-esteem. For some time now, there has been an ongoing debate on whether media has an effect on self-esteem and if so, whether its effect is positive or negative. Consequently, in this report I will discuss and analyze several studies which address the topic of media and its impact on self-esteem. Since the early twentieth century, Americans have adopted an obsession with the â€Å"thin ideal† - theRead MoreBody Image And Self Esteem Among Adolescents1685 Words   |  7 PagesBody Image and Self-Esteem among Adolescents The topic of body image is an issue that we see amongst many adolescents all around the world. This huge issue can be dealt by adults but the main victim of body imaging are adolescents. Everywhere, anyone goes, there is example of what society considers â€Å"beautiful.† Even if someone is not completely studying it, their subconscious is still registering all of the images and words to what society thinks is a perfect body. Everyday there are people thatRead MoreWhat Is Self Esteem? Essay655 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is self-esteem? Self-esteem is a term used in psychology to describe someone’s level of confidence and respect for themselves. Pride, shame and dignity are some of the emotions self-esteem encompasses. In 1943, Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist created the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; it was composed of physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem and self-actualization, physiological being the most basic needs. 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Self-esteem and body image can also be influenced by age, your ownRead MoreThe Self Image Of Young Adults1396 Words   |  6 PagesFor many, many decades Americans have suffered from self-image because of inner conflicts causing very low self-esteem issues. Many of these conflicting identity issues play into these severe inflictions with one s self. Teens and young adults have a troubled existence of feeling incompetent, unloved, unworthy and leaving them unable to fit into the crowd because of their body image leaving an imprint of a certain way to look. As Early as age five, children have been br ainwashed with secular television

Innocence Project Paper - 1030 Words

Innocence Project Paper In the summer of 1994 an Illinois woman’s buzzer rang at her apartment complex in Waukegan. She went downstairs to check after nobody went upstairs to her apartment. As soon as she reached the door downstairs, two men forced her into a dark colored sedan, kidnapped her, and raped her. Distraught after her attack, the victim wandered until she ultimately found a Seven Eleven close by and the police were called. When the police arrived, the victim said she was attacked by two Hispanic men that looked to be in their mid-twenties and a bit taller than her height of five feet and seven inches. The car that she was forced into was described as dark colored, older, having four doors and tinted windows. The victim’s boyfriend saw Angel Gonzalez’s car in the apartment complex parking lot and it matched the characteristics that the woman used to describe the assailant’s car. Police later stopped Gonzalez’s car and the victim ack nowledged that the car was the one she described. She was then asked if Gonzalez was one of her attackers, and she was certain that he was, despite her being in the backseat of the police car while he was in front of it. Not only was he not close enough for her to get a clear view, but he also had facial hair and a birthmark, both characteristics that she did not use to describe her attackers. This led to Gonzalez being in police custody for interrogation where they did not allow him to sleep. 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What is Wang’s critique of innocence and its consequences? Wang’s critique of innocence is that people will not care if something happens to someone if they are not innocent especially in anti-racist terms. Innocence becomes a precondition to spark an outcry by the public over an act that is deemed racist. If a black male is shot dead by a police officer, but has a historyRead MoreThe Innocence Project : A National Litigation Organization1381 Words   |  6 PagesPart One: What is the Innocence Project? The Innocence Project is, â€Å"a national litigation organization that is dedicated to acquitting wrongfully convicted â€Å"criminals† through DNA testing and through reforming the system to prevent further injustice† (The Innocence). The Innocence project was founded by Barry C. Scheck and Peter J. Neufeld at Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University in 1992, and became a nonprofit organization in 2004. 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